Concepts of Architectural Masterpieces
Greek
Architecture
- Acropolis:
- Definition: A citadel located on a high
rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, containing several ancient
buildings of great architectural and historic significance.
- Significance: Symbolizes the power and
culture of ancient Athens.
- Contribution: Illustrates the use of the
post and lintel system, with structures like the Parthenon serving as
prime examples.
- Parthenon:
- Definition: A temple dedicated to the
goddess Athena, constructed in the 5th century BCE on the Acropolis of
Athens.
- Significance: Epitomizes the Doric order,
showcasing simplicity, harmony, and proportion.
- Contribution: Demonstrates the application
of the post and lintel system in a large-scale, aesthetically refined
structure.
- Orders of Greek Architecture:
- Doric Order: Characterized by simple,
sturdy columns without bases and a plain capital.
- Ionic Order: Features more slender
columns with bases and volutes (scroll-like decorations) on the capitals.
- Corinthian Order: The most elaborate, with
slender columns and ornate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves.
Roman
Architecture
- Forum:
- Definition: The center of political,
commercial, and judicial life in ancient Rome.
- Significance: Exemplifies Roman urban
planning and monumental architecture.
- Contribution: Illustrates the use of
arches and the organization of civic spaces.
- Pantheon:
- Definition: A temple dedicated to all
Roman gods, built around 126 AD.
- Significance: Renowned for its large dome
with a central oculus, demonstrating advanced engineering.
- Contribution: A prime example of the use
of arches and concrete to create vast interior spaces and the development
of the dome.
Colosseum:
- Definition: An amphitheater built
between 70-80 AD, used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
- Significance: Showcases Roman innovation
in large-scale construction and public entertainment.
- Contribution
Ancient
Greek architecture was the first to introduce a standardized set of
architectural rules that went on to influence Roman architecture and, as a
result, architecture to this day. At the start of what is now known as the
Classical period of architecture, ancient Greek architecture developed into
three distinct orders: the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. Each of the
orders displayed distinct features in their columns, a staple for formal,
public buildings such as libraries and gymnasiums, stadiums, theaters, and
civic buildings.
